var $extPath="typo3conf/ext/nbc2bestprice/";
Notebookcheck Logo

Apple Macbook Pro 17 inch 2009-03

Especificações do Portátil

Apple Macbook Pro 17 inch 2009-03
Apple Macbook Pro 17 inch 2009-03 (Macbook Pro 17 inch Serie)
Processador
Intel Core 2 Duo T9550 2 x 2.7 GHz, Penryn
Placa gráfica
NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GT - 512 MB VRAM, Análises do: 500 MHz, Memoría: 792 MHz, GDDR3, 177.56 (Boot Camp)
Memória
4 GB 
, PC3-8500F (533 MHz) DDR3 7-7-7-20-27 Samsung
Pantalha
17.00 polegadas 16:10, 1920 x 1200 pixel, glossy or optional non glossy, Brilhante: sim
placa mãe
Nvidia MCP79MX (9400M G)
Disco rígido
Fujitsu MHZ2160BH FFS G1, 160 GB 
, 5400 rpm
Placa de Som
Realtek ALC885/889A
Conexões
1 Express Card 34mm, 3 USB 2.0, 1 Firewire, 1 DisplayPort, 1 Kensington Lock, Conexões Audio: analog/optical input & output, MacRemote, DisplayPort Mini, FireWire 800
Funcionamento em rede
NVIDIA nForce 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet (10/100/1000MBit/s), Broadcom 802.11a/b/g/n (a/b/g/n = Wi-Fi 4/), Bluetooth 2.0+ EDR
Unidade ótica
HL-DT-ST DVDRW GS21N
Tamanho
altura x largura x profundidade (em mm): 26 x 393 x 267
Bateria
95 Wh Lítio-Polímero, not replaceable by user
Sistema Operativo
Apple Mac Os X 10.5
Características adicionais
Mikrofasertuch, Handbuch, kleiner Netzteilstecker, iLife 09, 12 Meses Garantia
peso
2.98 kg, Suprimento de energia: 297 g
Preço
2499 Euro

 

Price comparison

Pontuação Média: 83.67% - bom
Média de 18 pontos (das 27 análises)
preço: 56%, desempenho: 79%, características: 74%, pantalha: 81% mobilidade: 83%, processamento: 82%, ergonomia: 87%, emissões: 59%

Análises para o Apple Macbook Pro 17 inch 2009-03

100% Apple MacBook Pro 17''
Origem: Digital Versus Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
The 17'' MacBook Pro is the biggest and most powerful laptop in Apple's current line-up. The MacBook Pro 17'' is an exceptional laptop in more ways than one. It's powerful and quiet, but also offers great battery life. The screen is much better than its competitors, and the manufacturing quality is impeccable. The only drawbacks are a slightly noisy DVD writer, a limited range of ports and a very off-putting price tag.
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 03/12/2010
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 100%
Apple MacBook Pro 17in, the grandaddy of Apple laptops reviewed
Origem: PC Authority Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Apple's products are some of the most divisive and compelling in the industry, so it's no surprise that the recent 15.4in MacBook Pro and its button-free trackpad prompted plenty of debate. The most striking feature of this 17in MacBook Pro, however, is more traditional: the screen. Although only a traditional white LED panel, it boasts fantastic colour range, accuracy and clarity. If you're happy spending the best part of $5000 on a laptop that places style ahead of more practical considerations, or you need a near-perfect screen with plenty of desktop space, the 17in MacBook Pro is a great choice. Be warned, though: your money could go further elsewhere. 
Análise única, Disponível online, Média, Data: 09/01/2009
Pontuação: preço: 50% pantalha: 90%
70% Apple MacBook Pro 17" (2009) review
Origem: Techradar Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version

Is Apple's largest laptop an aluminium powerhouse? Apple's MacBook Pro 17-inch is aimed directly at design professionals and it's hard to find a better blend of style and performance, although it is slightly lacking in features. The MacBook Pro 17-inch is a fantastic machine. It does lack a few features, but its brilliant build quality and excellent operating system more than compensate.


Análise única, Disponível online, Curta, Data: 08/25/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 70%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch Desktop Replacement Laptop PC
Origem: Comp Reviews Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Just months after the MacBook Pro 17-inch model was released, Apple has already refreshed the system with some minor upgrades and more importantly a price drop. This makes one of the most portable 17-inch laptops on the market even more attractive to those looking for a very stylish yet strong performing laptop than before. The design still has the issue of no access for the hard drive and battery and even with the price reduction to $2500, it remains one of the more expensive on the market.
Análise única, Disponível online, Curta, Data: 07/14/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80%
84% Apple MacBook Pro (17-Inch)
Origem: Computer Shopper Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
 

When we reviewed the last update of the 17-inch MacBook Pro in March, we were impressed with how light and thin it had gotten, considering how much muscle it can flex. We were a little disappointed with some aspects of its performance, but overall counted it as a good value for what you got. Just a few months later, though, Apple has come back with a new 17-inch MacBook Pro that isn’t drastically different but is cheaper and showed some improvements in our testing. Apple’s improved 17-inch MacBook Pro is a dream for designers or anyone who doesn’t want to sacrifice power for portability.


84
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 07/01/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 84%
Apple Macbook Pro A1297
Origem: PC World Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
The latest 17-inch MacBook Pro is by all measures a minor hardware upgrade over its predecessor, offering only slightly faster processor options and an increase in hard-drive capacity. The more significant change is the value you get for your money. If you purchased a 17-inch MacBook Pro after February's unibody introduction, you have little reason to upgrade now--or to regret your purchase. But if you've been on the fence about splurging for the monster of all MacBooks, the decision to buy just got easier: This is the fastest Mac laptop ever, at the lowest price Apple has ever charged for a top-of-the-line notebook.
Análise única, Disponível online, Média, Data: 06/22/2009
Pontuação: pantalha: 60%
80% Apple 17in Macbook Pro laptop
Origem: vnunet.com Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
It isn’t easy to make a bulky 17in laptop look elegant, but Apple’s design team has made a good attempt with this update of its top-of-the range Macbook Pro. The Macbook Pro is an impressive computer and the improvement in battery life is astonishing. However, it’s extremely expensive ­ even by the standards of 17in laptops ­ so it can only be recommended for professional users in fields such as video editing, who can justify the cost of such a powerful desktop replacement. The new Macbook is powerful and technically impressive, but the price will limit it to professional users.
80, Preis 60, Leistung 80, Ausstattung 100
Análise única, Disponível online, Curta, Data: 04/22/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80% preço: 60% desempenho: 80% características: 100%
Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch Review
Origem: Slashgear Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
If you are just such a user, though, and you’re hungry for the extra screen size (and the non-glare option), the 17-inch MacBook Pro is unlikely to disappoint.  Time will tell whether Apple’s battery predictions pan out, and - starting from $2,799 and, when maxed out with a 256GB SSD, hitting $4,899 - the price certainly won’t be confused for a budget option, but it’s an incredible workstation with the power to back up its promises.  We’re just hoping Apple hear the positive feedback and roll the non-glare display coating option down to the smaller models in the range.
Leistung 80, Display 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 04/08/2009
Pontuação: desempenho: 80% pantalha: 80%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 17" review
Origem: Techradar Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
The most powerful Mac notebook to date offers an innovative new battery. When encoding digital media, the speeds were solid. Using iTunes 8.0.2, it took six minutes to import an eight-song, 45-minute CD at 128kbps. QuickTime Pro 7.6 exported our five-minute, 720x480, 30fps movie to iPod-friendly resolutions in five minutes, 42 seconds, another good score. Apart from the battery, there's no massive advance from the 15-inch model. Even so, an increase in performance is enough to justify Apple's claim that it's 'the most powerful Mac notebook yet.'
80, Leistung 80, Mobilität 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Curta, Data: 03/27/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80% preço: 80% mobilidade: 80%
90% Apple MacBook Pro: 17-inches of Pure Lust
Origem: Hardware Zone Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
We really liked the 17-inch MacBook Pro, it's a great machine that delivers the goods in terms of performance and design. Despite its size as a 17-inch desktop replacement, Apple has managed to keep a svelte and slim figure that's barely any thicker than the 15-inch model. Of course, there are some drawbacks from the design, and we're sure the non-removable battery is probably on top of your mind. Retailing at a cool S$4388, the 17-inch MacBook Pro is indeed pricey and may not be the wisest purchase price-wise. However it is simply one of the coolest notebooks around and it delivers on almost all accounts - gorgeous design, great physique, sex appeal, worthy performance and great battery stamina. Now don't forget that all this is from Apple and that should speak for itself.

90, Preis 50, Leistung 80, Mobilität 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 03/19/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 90% preço: 50% desempenho: 80% mobilidade: 80%
82% Apple MacBook Pro (17.4-inch)
Origem: Computer Shopper Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Coming on the heels of last fall’s 13- and 15-inch MacBooks, the new 17-inch model ($2,799) takes the improvements that were made to those models and kicks it up another notch with the thinnest, fastest MacBook Pro ever. The unibody case, carved out of a single piece of aluminum, is beyond solid. Despite its 17-inch display, this 6.6-pound machine was made to be used on the go. But like most Apple products, it’s not just the build quality that will catch your eye. Even closed, the MacBook Pro is a simple, elegant machine. We should also note that Apple’s packaging is getting smaller in an attempt to be environmentally friendly, which we appreciate. Despite a few performance anomalies, the 17-inch MacBook Pro offers plenty of creature comforts for creative professionals.
82, Leistung 60, Verarbeitung 50
Análise única, Disponível online, Média, Data: 03/18/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 82% desempenho: 60% processamento: 50%
67% Apple MacBook Pro 17in
Origem: PC Pro Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Apple's products are some of the most divisive and compelling in the industry, so it's no surprise that the 15.4in MacBook Pro prompted plenty of debate. The good looks, solid design and build were offset by a number of niggles: some disliked the scrabble-tile keyboard, others baulked at the non-removable battery, and plenty didn't approve of the unusual button-free trackpad. Aside from the extraordinary screen, it's typical Apple: impeccable design and build quality meets merely average value for money.
67, Verarbeitung 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Média, Data: 03/17/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 67% processamento: 80%
80% 17in Apple MacBook Pro review
Origem: Tech Advisor Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
The new 17in Apple MacBook Pro has a lot going for it, from the faster processor, front side bus and memory speeds, to its thinner and lighter, unibody design. Add in a new battery that lasts longer per charge, and you’ve got yourself a winner. If you’re not a fan of glossy screens, the 17in Apple MacBook Pro is the only Apple laptop with an anti-glare option. And though the decision to lock away the battery behind 10 screws and a warranty voiding warning sticker is controversial, the fact that the battery will last at least three times as long as the battery in the previous 17-inch MacBook Pro should lessen the sting.
80, Mobilität 70, Display 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 03/10/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80% pantalha: 80% mobilidade: 70%
80% Apple 17in MacBook Pro (March 2009)
Origem: Reg Hardware Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
A price tag of £1949 is enough to make even the most diehard Mac fan think twice. You could certainly get a similarly specified PC laptop for less – although features such as the Firewire port, twin graphics cards and the long-lasting battery do make direct comparisons difficult. If you just want a powerful Mac laptop then the 13in and 15in models undoubtedly offer better value for money. But then the 17in MacBook Pro is a niche product aimed at a relatively small number of Apple’s creative users who specifically need that big screen display. The real question, therefore, is whether this new model will tempt those users to upgrade from their existing machines. On that score, the new 17in model will probably succeed, as the twin graphics cards and unibody design correct the most obvious omissions in December’s somewhat pointless update. The new long-lasting battery might also help to swing the decision if people think that it will genuinely allow them to get more work done wHen they’re on the move.

80, Preis 40, Mobilität 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 03/10/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80% preço: 40% mobilidade: 80%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch Desktop Replacement Laptop PC
Origem: Comp Reviews Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Apple's latest version of the MacBook Pro comes with some significant changes including the solid unibody aluminum design first debuted in the MacBook and MacBook redesign of 2008. The new design still retain the title of lightest and thinnest 17-inch laptop on the market. It also has one of the longest battery life of the market. The downside is that Apple does not have the lower access panel for access to the hard drive or battery like the MacBook Pro 15-inch. While expensive, it still is one of the best performing 17-inch systems for those needing lots of performance in a portable package.
80, Preis 40, Leistung 90, Mobilität 90
Análise única, Disponível online, Curta, Data: 03/09/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80% preço: 40% desempenho: 90% mobilidade: 90%
MacBook Pro 17-inch unibody review
Origem: Engadget Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Ultimately, the decision about whether to buy the bigger MacBook Pro is probably already made -- if you're a power user who needs the real estate, there's little to deter you from making this purchase. Apple has cleaned up the design in all the right ways, improved the display and guts considerably, and proved that it can milk a substantial amount of time from a non-removable battery. The cost may still be a major barrier here for most, but something tells us if you really need a computer of this size, you'll find a way to pay for it. Our actual gripe comes not in the form of problems with this particular system, but in Apple's methodology of rolling out options for their laptops.
Preis mäßig, Display gut
Análise única, Disponível online, Curta, Data: 03/04/2009
Pontuação: preço: 60% pantalha: 80%
84% Apple MacBook Pro (17-inch unibody) review
Origem: CNet Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
When the latest 13-inch Apple MacBook and 15-inch MacBook Pro were announced in October 2008, a similar revamp of the larger, 17-inch MacBook Pro was nowhere to be seen. But, in January 2009, Apple announced the 17-inch MacBook Pro would be getting the same unibody aluminum chassis, buttonless (or, more accurately, all-button) trackpad, and edge-to-edge glass on the LED-backlit display. Apple's reworked 17-inch MacBook Pro joins its 15-inch brother in having a redesigned aluminium body, new trackpad with expanded functionality, and a dual-graphics set-up for either longer battery life or better performance. Overall, it's an excellent laptop with good performance, solid build quality and impressive battery life
84, Leistung 80, Mobilität 80, Verarbeitung 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 03/03/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 84% desempenho: 80% mobilidade: 80% processamento: 80%
80% Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch (Unibody)
Origem: PC Mag Inglês EN→PT Archive.org version
Part media center, part workstation, the Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch has been revered over the years by a nation of professional photographers and film editors, not to mention average media folks who can't get enough of this thin-bodied cinematic wonder. When the Apple MacBook Pro 15-inch (Dual Graphics) and the MacBook 13-inch (Aluminum) launched with their "unibody" enclosures—in each case, a heavily promoted slab of aluminum that rids the frame of all detachable parts—a "uni-seventeen-incher" was clearly on the way. Doubts about the redesigned keyboard, the touchpad, and the non-removable battery can be put to rest, because the Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch (Unibody) is as powerful as it is gorgeous.
80, Leistung 80
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 02/26/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 80% desempenho: 80%
Tuschkästen
Origem: c't - 23/09 Alemão
Comparação, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 11/01/2009
Pontuação: desempenho: 75% características: 40% pantalha: 80% ergonomia: 90% emissões: 90%
Ohne Netzteil durch den Tag
Origem: c't - 14/09 Alemão
Comparação, , Longa, Data: 07/01/2009
Pontuação: desempenho: 60% pantalha: 90% mobilidade: 90% emissões: 30%
Silberpfeil
Origem: c't - 11/09 Alemão
Análise única, , Muito longa, Data: 06/01/2009
Pontuação: desempenho: 80% características: 80% pantalha: 90% mobilidade: 90% ergonomia: 90% emissões: 40%
Test MacBook Pro 17" Unibody Non-Glare
Origem: Notebookcheck Alemão DE→PT Archive.org version
Análise única, Disponível online, Média, Data: 05/18/2009
Pontuação: pantalha: 80%
94% Test: 17-Zoll Macbook Pro Non-Glare - Display-Messungen
Origem: Mac Welt Alemão DE→PT Archive.org version
Análise única, Disponível online, Média, Data: 05/08/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 94% desempenho: 100% características: 92% ergonomia: 78%
Big Apple: MacBook Pro 17
Origem: Tom's Hardware Alemão DE→PT Archive.org version
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 04/24/2009
Pontuação: preço: 60%
90% Test Apple MacBook Pro 17" Unibody Notebook
Origem: Notebookcheck Alemão DE→PT Archive.org version
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 04/18/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 90% desempenho: 91% pantalha: 90% mobilidade: 83% processamento: 99% ergonomia: 94% emissões: 76%
90% Apple MacBook Pro 17-Zoll
Origem: Notebookjournal Alemão DE→PT Archive.org version
Análise única, Disponível online, Longa, Data: 04/03/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 90% preço: 60% desempenho: 50% características: 40% pantalha: 70% mobilidade: 90% processamento: 100% ergonomia: 70%
95% Apple Macbook Pro 17 Zoll 2,66 GHz
Origem: Mac Welt Alemão DE→PT Archive.org version
Análise única, Disponível online, Comprimento Desconhecido, Data: 03/06/2009
Pontuação: Pontuação total: 95% desempenho: 95% características: 91% ergonomia: 98%

Comentario

NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GT: Sucessora da 8600M GT e devido ao processo de produção reduzido a 65nm, a placa tem uma freqüência mais alta (e, portanto, é mais veloz) com o mesmo consumo de energia. Além disso, apresenta um processador de vídeo melhorado (VP3) e HybridPower para economizar energia (em conjunto com a 9100M G).

Alguns jogos atuais não tão exigentes podem ser jogados fluentemente com poucos detalhes.


>> Mais informação pode ser encontrada na nossa Comparativa de de Placas de Vídeo e a Benchmark Lista.


Intel Core 2 Duo: Este é o sucessor do Core Duo e o Core Solo com um pipeline mais longo e com 5-20%  a mais de velocidade sem maior consumo de energia. Adicionalmente ao design do Core Duo existe um quarto decodificador, uma unidade SSE ampliada e uma unidade lógica aritmética (ALU) adicional.

 

Os Core 2 Duo para notebooks são idênticos aos processadores Core 2 Duo para desktops, mas os processadores para notebooks trabalham com tensões mais baixas e um Frontside bus clock mais baixo. O desempenho de notebooks igualmente clocked é 20-25% mais baixo que PCs Desktop  por causa do Frontside bus clock mais baixo e os discos rígidos mais lentos.


T9550: O T9550 é um CPU dual-core de classe média da linha Core 2 Duo e semelhante ao P9600 (exceto pelo maior TDP do T9550 - 35 contra 25W). O desempenho do T9550 deveria ser suficiente para a maioria dos aplicativos e jogos de 2009.
>> Mais informação pode ser encontrada na nossa Comparativa de Processadores Móveis.


17.00": 15-16 polegadas é um tamanho de tela padrão para portáteis e oferece a maior variedade de produtos.
>> Para saber quão fina é uma tela, veja nossa lista DPI.


2.98 kg:

Este peso é característico para portáteis com diagonal de tela de 15 polegadas.


83.67%: Esta avaliação é para ser considerada como média, porque a quantidade de portáteis com melhores avaliações é quase a mesma que a quantidade com avaliações piores.


>> Mais informação pode ser encontrada na nossa Laptop Guia da Compra.

 

Please share our article, every link counts!

Portáteis com o mesmo GPU e tamanho de tela

HP Pavilion dv7-1280EG
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P7450, 3.5 kg
HP Pavilion dv7-1004ea
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P7350, 3.5 kg
HP Pavilion dv7-1045eg
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P8400, 3.5 kg

Portáteis com o mesmo GPU

Sony Vaio VGN-AW41MF/H
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P7450, 18.40", 3.9 kg
Fujitsu Amilo Xi3670
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Quad Q9000, 18.40", 4 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW31XY
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T9900, 18.40", 4 kg
Toshiba Qosmio G50-127
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P8600, 18.40", 4.4 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW310J/H
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T6500, 18.40", 3.7 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW31M/H
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P8700, 18.40", 3.9 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW21XY/Q
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T9800, 18.40", 3.95 kg
Acer Acer Aspire 8730G
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T6400, 18.40", 4.1 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW21VY/Q
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T9800, 18.40", 4 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW11XU/Q
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T9600, 18.40", 4 kg
Fujitsu-Siemens Amilo Xi3650
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo T9400, 18.40", 3.9 kg
Sony Vaio VGN-AW235J/B
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P8600, 18.40", 4 kg
HP Pavilion HDX18t
GeForce 9600M GT, Core 2 Duo P8600, 18.40", 4.1 kg

Portáteis com o tamanho de tela e peso

Apple MacBook Pro 17-inch Early 2011
Radeon HD 6750M, Core i7 2720QM, 17.30", 2.925 kg
Apple MacBook Pro 17 inch 2010-04
GeForce GT 330M, Core i5 540M, 17.00", 2.99 kg
Apple Macbook Pro 17“ 2008-12
GeForce 8600M GT, Core 2 Duo T9300, 17.00", 3.1 kg

Portáteis do mesmo fabricante

Apple iPad Air 13 2024
M2 10-Core GPU, M2 M2, 13.00", 0.617 kg
Apple iPad Pro 13 2024
M4 10-Core GPU, M4 M4 (10 cores), 13.00", 0.579 kg
Apple iPad Air 6 2024
M2 10-Core GPU, M2 M2, 10.86", 0.462 kg
Apple iPad Pro 11 2024
M4 10-Core GPU, M4 M4 (9 cores), 11.00", 0.444 kg
Apple MacBook Air 15 M3
M3 10-Core GPU, M3 M3, 15.60", 1.501 kg
Apple MacBook Air 13 M3 10C GPU
M3 10-Core GPU, M3 M3, 13.60", 1.237 kg
Apple iPhone 16 Pro Max
A18 Pro GPU, Apple A-Series A18 Pro, 6.90", 0.227 kg
Apple iPhone 16 Pro
A18 Pro GPU, Apple A-Series A18 Pro, 6.30", 0.199 kg
Apple iPhone 16 Plus
A18 GPU, Apple A-Series A18, 6.70", 0.199 kg
Apple iPhone 16
A18 GPU, Apple A-Series A18, 6.10", 0.17 kg
Comparação de preços
> Análises e revisões de portáteis e celulares > Biblioteca > Apple > Apple Macbook Pro 17“ 2009-3
Stefan Hinum, 2009-04-11 (Update: 2010-11- 6)